Characteristic | HIV-negative | HIV-positive | p* |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics† | |||
Age in years [median (IQR)] | 27 (22–34) | 24 (21–30) | <0.0001‡ |
Years of education [median (IQR)] | 11 (8–11) | 11 (9–11) | 0.073 |
Number of male partners [median (IQR)] | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | <0.0001‡ |
Age at first sexual encounter in years [median (IQR)] | 18 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) | 0.0012‡ |
Marital status [n (%)] | <0.0001‡ | ||
Married | 2819 (60.7) | 122 (39.5) | |
Unmarried | 1824 (39.3) | 187 (60.5) | |
Currently living with partner/husband [n (%)] | <0.0001‡ | ||
Yes | 3260 (70.2) | 145 (46.9) | |
No | 1383 (29.8) | 164 (53.1) | |
Country [n (%)] | <0.0001‡ | ||
Zimbabwe | 2342 (50.4) | 114 (36.9) | |
South Africa | 2303 (49.6) | 195 (63.1) | |
Contraceptive§ method at baseline [n (%)] | 0.33 | ||
None | 249 (5.4) | 16 (5.2) | |
Other | 109 (2.3) | 4 (1.3) | |
Condoms | 1190 (25.6) | 96 (31.1) | |
Progestogen-only pills (POP) | 679 (14.6) | 30 (9.7) | |
Combined oral contraceptive pills (COC) | 1022 (22.0) | 40 (12.9) | |
Injectables | 1149 (24.7) | 109 (35.3) | |
Long-term methods | 247 (5.3) | 14 (4.5) | |
Total | 4645 (100.0) | 309 (100.0) | |
Contraceptive§ method at last visit [n (%)] | 0.50 | ||
None | 410 (8.9) | 27 (8.7) | |
Other | 29 (0.6) | 4 (1.3) | |
Condoms | 1147 (24.8) | 88 (28.5) | |
Progestogen-only pills (POP) | 304 (6.6) | 13 (4.2) | |
Combined oral contraceptive pills (COC) | 1236 (26.7) | 51 (16.5) | |
Injectables | 1220 (26.4) | 108 (35.0) | |
Long-term methods | 283 (6.1) | 18 (5.8) | |
Total | 4629 (100.0) | 309 (100.0) | |
Became pregnant during study¶ [n (%)] | 0.15 | ||
Yes | 979 (21.1) | 76 (24.6) | |
No | 3666 (78.9) | 233 (75.4) |
* Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher's Exact test used for demographics and Jonckheere-Terpstra test used for contraceptive use.
† HIV-negative n between 4641 and 4645 and HIV-positive n between 308 and 309 due to missing data.
‡ Significant at the p<0.05 level.
§ Most effective method.
¶ As confirmed either by self-report or laboratory results.
IQR, interquartile range.