Demographic and attitudinal predictors of human papillomavirus vaccine uptake, clustering by college and controlling for location at which the vaccine was offered (n=214*)
| Variables | Vaccine initiated [%(n)] | Uni-variable analyses* | Multi-variable analysis(n = 204)* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Categorical variables | |||||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 68.1 (96) | 1.00 | |||
| Asian | 52.6 (20) | 0.40 (0.21–0.77) | 0.018 | 0.54 (0.03–9.03) | 0.578 |
| Black | 28.6 (2) | 0.17 (0.02–1.34) | 0.076 | 0.19 (0.04–0.98) | 0.048 |
| Other | 32.0 (8) | 0.19 (0.13–0.29) | <0.001 | 0.25 (0.07–0.88) | 0.038 |
| Religion | |||||
| Christian | 64.6 (53) | 1.00 | |||
| None | 62.8 (49) | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | 0.002 | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.096 |
| Muslim | 42.9 (15) | 0.30 (0.05–1.95) | 0.148 | 0.65 (0.06–6.95) | 0.642 |
| Other | 61.1 (11) | 0.78 (0.26–2.38) | 0.575 | 1.59 (0.09–27.36) | 0.676 |
| Someone close diagnosed with cancer? | |||||
| No | 57.7 (45) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 60.2 (80) | 0.90 (0.42–1.94) | 0.727 | ||
| Someone close diagnosed with cervical cancer? | |||||
| No | 58.8 (114) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 64.7 (11) | 1.29 (0.71–2.33) | 0.303 | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| No | 60.0 (111) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 55.6 (15) | 0.83 (0.25–2.80) | 0.694 | ||
| Entitled to EMA? | |||||
| No (high-income household) | 60.9 (81) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes (low-income household) | 59.7 (46) | 0.90 (0.51–1.59) | 0.624 | ||
| Sexually active | |||||
| No | 57.1 (76) | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 64.5 (49) | 1.41 (0.37–5.37) | 0.513 | ||
| Age of sexual debut | |||||
| 16 years and above | 62.9 (22) | 1.00 | |||
| 15 years and below | 65.9 (27) | 1.16 (0.81–1.65) | 0.221 | ||
| Intention to have the HPV vaccine | |||||
| High | 64.6 (104) | 1.00 | |||
| Low | 45.3 (24) | 0.45 (0.25–0.82) | 0.021 | 0.87 (0.41–1.82) | 0.617 |
| Continuous variables | |||||
| HPV knowledge | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 0.027 | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | 0.964 | |
| Positive vaccine attitude | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 0.109 | |||
| Needle fear | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.676 | |||
| Parental acceptance | 1.73 (1.51–1.98) | <0.001 | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) | 0.150 | |
| Normative beliefs about the vaccine | |||||
| Friends | 1.38 (1.06–1.79) | 0.027 | 0.89 (0.48–1.65) | 0.630 | |
| Parents | 1.56 (1.18–2.06) | 0.012 | 1.05 (0.76–1.45) | 0.680 | |
| Vaccine safety | 1.54 (1.18–2.00) | 0.010 | 1.13 (0.94–1.36) | 0.143 | |
| Vaccine effectiveness against: | |||||
| HPV | 1.48 (0.92–2.38) | 0.083 | |||
| Cervical cancer | 1.92 (1.02–3.62) | 0.046 | 1.58 (0.96–2.61) | 0.064 | |
| Sexually transmitted infections | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.208 | |||
| Perceived severity of: | |||||
| HPV | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 0.021 | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 0.703 | |
| Cervical cancer | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) | 0.065 | |||
| Perceived susceptibility to: | |||||
| HPV | 1.50 (1.26–1.78) | 0.003 | 1.29 (0.95–1.75) | 0.080 | |
| Cervical cancer | 1.33 (0.90–1.96) | 0.116 | |||
| Discussing sex with parents | 1.07 (0.79–1.44) | 0.576 | |||
*Note that n varies between analyses because of missing data.
CI, confidence interval; EMA, Education Maintenance Allowance; HPV, human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio.