Odds ratios of hormonal contraception and condom use among all couples
| Parameter | Hormonal contraceptives | Condoms | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC-user/total | HC-user/total (%) | UnadjOR (95% CI) | AdjOR* (95% CI) | Condom/total | Condom/total (%) | UnadjOR (95% CI) | AdjOR* (95% CI) | |
| Education | ||||||||
| None | 194/984 | 19.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 263/1053 | 25.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary | 3160/8111 | 39.0 | 2.6 (2.12–3.18) | 2.2 (1.78–2.72) | 2481/7432 | 33.4 | 1.51 (1.24–1.83) | 1.38 (1.13–1.68) |
| Post-primary | 745/1387 | 53.7 | 4.73 (3.72–6.00) | 3.4 (2.63–4.38) | 483/1125 | 43.0 | 2.26 (1.79–2.85) | 1.94 (1.52–2.49) |
| Non-marital relations | ||||||||
| None | 3158/8998 | 35.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1901/7731 | 24.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female only | 86/169 | 50.9 | 1.91 (1.38–2.64) | 2.02 (1.44–2.84) | 54/137 | 39.4 | 2.0 (1.38–2.89) | 1.92 (1.31–2.81) |
| Male or both | 855/1324 | 64.6 | 3.37 (2.95–3.84) | 3.33 (2.91–3.81) | 1271/1740 | 73.1 | 8.31 (7.31–9.44) | 8.61 (7.52–9.86) |
| Co-resident biological children | ||||||||
| 0 | 158/904 | 17.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 280/1026 | 27.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 | 1348/3598 | 37.5 | 2.83 (2.30–3.48) | 2.39 (1.91–2.98) | 1210/3460 | 35.0 | 1.43 (1.20–1.70) | 1.38 (1.13–1.67) |
| 3–5 | 2091/4700 | 44.5 | 3.78 (3.07–4.66) | 3.02 (2.42–3.78) | 1395/4004 | 34.8 | 1.42 (1.20–1.69) | 1.45 (1.19–1.76) |
| 6+ | 502/1280 | 39.2 | 3.05 (2.39–3.89) | 2.59 (1.98–3.40) | 342/1120 | 30.5 | 1.17 (0.94–1.46) | 1.45 (1.12–1.87) |
| Couple HIV | ||||||||
| M–F– | 3522/9119 | 38.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2447/8044 | 30.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| M+F+ | 289/641 | 45.1 | 1.3 (1.07–1.59) | 1.57 (1.28–1.93) | 392/744 | 52.7 | 2.55 (2.14–3.03) | 3.08 (2.54–3.73) |
| M–F+ | 118/322 | 36.7 | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) | 158/362 | 43.7 | 1.77 (1.38–2.28) | 2.17 (1.65–2.86) |
| M+F– | 170/400 | 42.5 | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) | 1.4 (1.08–1.80) | 230/460 | 50.0 | 2.29 (1.85–2.83) | 2.76 (2.18–3.50) |
| Duration between most recent female VCT and interview (days) | ||||||||
| No VCT within 30 days | 684/1961 | 34.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 582/1859 | 31.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 31–182 | 251/892 | 28.1 | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | 244/885 | 27.6 | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) |
| 183–365 | 643/1682 | 38.2 | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 1.18 (1.01–1.37) | 507/1546 | 32.8 | 1.07 (0.92– 1.24) | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) |
| 366+ | 2521/5947 | 42.4 | 1.37 (1.22–1.55) | 1.13 (1.00–1.29) | 1894/5320 | 35.6 | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) |
| Stage of HIVC programme roll-out | ||||||||
| Pre-HIVC | 986/3393 | 29.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 913/3320 | 27.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| HIVC roll-out | 935/2464 | 38.0 | 1.49 (1.34–1.66) | 1.22 (1.09–1.38) | 517/2046 | 25.3 | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.83 (0.72–0.95) |
| HIVC scale-up | 2178/4625 | 47.1 | 2.17 (1.96–2.41) | 1.77 (1.58–1.99) | 1797/4244 | 42.3 | 1.94 (1.74–2.15) | 1.96 (1.73–2.22) |
*Adjusted for socioeconomic status, religion, couple's difference in age (0–4, 5–9 or 10+ years), type of marriage (monogamous or polygamous).
adjOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HC, hormonal contraception; HIVC, HIV care; OR, odds ratio; unadjOR, unadjusted odds ratio; VCT, voluntary counselling and testing.