Demographic, behavioural characteristics and beliefs of female and male participants by reporting consistent condom use in the last month
| Characteristics | Consistent condom use (always using condom in last month) | |||||||||
| Female (n=254) | Male (n=220) | |||||||||
| No (n=157) | (61.8%) | Yes (n=97) | (38.2%) | P value* | No (n=107) | (48.6%) | Yes (n=113) | (51.4%) | P value* | |
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
| Age (years, mean±SD) | 32.0±6.2 | 32.2±6.7 | 0.746 | 36.8±5.4 | 38.0±4.9 | 0.086 | ||||
| Marital status | 0.804 | 0.303 | ||||||||
| Married or committed relationship | 153 | (61.7) | 95 | (38.3) | 106 | (48.4) | 113 | (51.6) | ||
| Single or dating | 4 | (61.7) | 2 | (33.3) | 1 | (100.0) | 0 | (0) | ||
| Education | 0.173 | 0.370 | ||||||||
| Some secondary or less | 139 | (63.5) | 80 | (36.5) | 85 | (50.3) | 84 | (49.7) | ||
| Completed secondary or more | 18 | (51.4) | 17 | (48.6) | 22 | (43.1) | 29 | (56.9) | ||
| Religion | 0.009 | 0.934 | ||||||||
| Catholic | 39 | (78.0) | 11 | (22.0) | 23 | (48.9) | 24 | (51.1) | ||
| Other | 118 | (57.8) | 86 | (42.2) | 83 | (48.3) | 89 | (51.7) | ||
| Years since diagnosis (mean±SD) | 4.5±3.6 | 4.9±3.2 | 0.418 | 4.0±3.3 | 5.2±4.7 | 0.024 | ||||
| Use of alcohol or drugs before/during sex in last month | 0.851 | 0.011 | ||||||||
| No | 139 | (61.0) | 89 | (39.0) | 70 | (43.5) | 91 | (56.5) | ||
| Yes | 12 | (63.2) | 7 | (36.8) | 37 | (62.7) | 22 | (37.3) | ||
| Most recent sexual partner HIV-positive | 0.063 | 0.058 | ||||||||
| No | 27 | (57.5) | 20 | (42.6) | 14 | (35.0) | 26 | (65.0) | ||
| Yes | 95 | (58.6) | 67 | (41.4) | 82 | (50.0) | 82 | (50.0) | ||
| Do not know | 34 | (77.3) | 10 | (22.7) | 11 | (68.8) | 5 | (31.3) | ||
| Sexual frequency in last month | 0.013 | 0.078 | ||||||||
| ≤weekly | 64 | (53.8) | 55 | (46.2) | 46 | (42.6) | 62 | (57.4) | ||
| >1x/week | 93 | (68.9) | 42 | (31.1) | 61 | (54.5) | 51 | (45.5) | ||
| Desire more children in the future | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| No | 87 | (54.4) | 73 | (45.6) | 68 | (42.2) | 93 | (57.8) | ||
| Yes | 70 | (74.5) | 24 | (25.5) | 38 | (66.7) | 19 | (33.3) | ||
| Contraceptive use at last intercourse (IUD, implant, DMPA, pills, Sterilisations, not including condom) | 0.761 | 0.925 | ||||||||
| No | 87 | (62.6) | 52 | (37.4) | 66 | (48.9) | 69 | (51.1) | ||
| Yes | 68 | (60.7) | 44 | (39.3) | 41 | (48.2) | 44 | (51.8) | ||
| Currently using ART | 0.083 | 0.374 | ||||||||
| No | 20 | (71.4) | 8 | (28.6) | 16 | (61.5) | 10 | (38.5) | ||
| Yes, <2 years | 59 | (68.6) | 27 | (31.4) | 37 | (46.8) | 42 | (53.2) | ||
| Yes, >2 years | 78 | (55.7) | 62 | (44.3) | 54 | (47.0) | 61 | (53.0) | ||
| Believe HIV medications effect transmission risk to partner | 0.742 | 0.602 | ||||||||
| Increases risk or no change | 104 | (63.0) | 61 | (37.0) | 71 | (47.7) | 78 | (52.4) | ||
| Decreases risk | 53 | (60.9) | 34 | (39.1) | 36 | (51.4) | 34 | (48.6) | ||
| Believe condoms are effective at preventing pregnancy | 0.475 | 0.898 | ||||||||
| No | 19 | (67.9) | 9 | (32.1) | 10 | (50.0) | 10 | (50.0) | ||
| Yes | 137 | (60.9) | 88 | (39.1) | 97 | (48.5) | 103 | (51.5) | ||
| Believe condoms are effective at preventing HIV transmission to partner | 0.139 | 0.314 | ||||||||
| No | 29 | (70.7) | 12 | (29.3) | 20 | (40.0) | 30 | (60.0) | ||
| Yes | 119 | (58.3) | 85 | (41.7) | 77 | (48.1) | 83 | (51.9) | ||
| Believe one needs to use a condom if also using birth control method | 0.067 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 49 | (71.0) | 20 | (29.0) | 33 | (75.0) | 11 | (25.0) | ||
| Yes | 107 | (58.5) | 76 | (41.5) | 74 | (42.1) | 102 | (58.0) | ||
| Can refuse sex if partner did not want to use a condom | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 111 | (87.4) | 16 | (12.6) | 52 | (81.3) | 12 | (18.8) | ||
| Yes | 42 | (34.2) | 81 | (65.9) | 55 | (35.7) | 99 | (64.3) | ||
| Decision-making about using condom use | <0.001 | 0.025 | ||||||||
| I do (did) | 93 | (71.5) | 37 | (28.5) | 45 | (48.4) | 48 | (51.6) | ||
| My partner does (did) | 22 | (62.9) | 13 | (37.1) | 20 | (64.5) | 11 | (35.5) | ||
| We both do (did) equally | 28 | (37.3) | 47 | (62.7) | 30 | (36.6) | 52 | (63.4) | ||
*P value by t-test for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; DMPA, depot medroxprogesterone acetate; IUD, intrauterine device.