The objective of this study is to evaluate whether regular follow-up after insertion of an IUD protects against the risk and side effects of this contraceptive device. To study the effectiveness of the follow-up visits done after IUD insertion, we compared a group of women with regular follow-up visits (group A: after 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months) with women who had non-regular follow-up visits (group B: after 6 weeks and annually) for pregnancy, expulsion rates and discontinuation. A total of 280 women were included (group A: 199, group B: 81). Three pregnancies and 2 unnoticed expulsions were observed. The detection rate of an unnoticed expulsion is 0.35 and 0.11 per 100 visits for, respectively, the visit 6 weeks after insertion and all successive visits. Women in group A came significantly more frequently for unscheduled visits [relative risk (RR): 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.4]. The number of discontinuations, pregnancies and expulsions did not differ between groups, but women in group B had their IUD removed earlier (p < 0.01). We conclude that regular follow-up after the insertion of an IUD is not effective.