There has been much concern about the wide variations in general practitioners' referral
rates and the consequent implications for cost and quality of care. This has led to a call to …

Background In order to monitor the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
integrated national programmes of unlinked anonymous (blinded) HIV sero-surveys have …

Two commonly held beliefs about referral rates were investigated in this study: first that
demand for services is determined by supply and secondly that there is wide variation …

Methods and results Six practices took part. Influenza-like illness was defined by using
standard criteria. Combined nose and throat swabs were submitted in both lysis buffer 3 and …

Objective: To monitor trends in HIV infection and associated risk behaviours in injecting drug
users (IDU) in England and Wales. Design: Ongoing voluntary unlinked anonymous cross …

Objective The aims of this study were to determine cost effectiveness of screening for
Chlamydia trachomatis in hospital‐based antenatal and gynaecology clinics, and …

Abstract Background In England and Wales, surveillance of communicable disease is
carried out and co-ordinated by the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS). The …

Knowledge of the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive people in a
country and of their distribution in different transmission categories is important for health …

Objective: To determine whether the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) as
the initial AIDS-defining disease in adult AIDS cases in the United Kingdom is changing over …

Abstract The Health of the Nation initiative in the United Kingdom includes a target aimed at
reducing the proportion of current injecting drug users who share syringes. The PHLS …