Causation, bias and confounding: a hitchhiker's guide to the epidemiological galaxy: Part 2. Principles of causality in epidemiological research: confounding, effect modification and strength of association

Samuel Shapiro

doi:10.1783/147118908784734873

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Causation, bias and confounding: a hitchhiker's guide to the epidemiological galaxy

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Dec 2010	0	0	2
Feb 2011	0	0	1
Mar 2011	0	0	12
Apr 2011	0	0	27
May 2011	0	0	22
Jun 2011	0	0	2
Jul 2011	0	0	3
Aug 2011	0	0	1
Sep 2011	0	0	1
Oct 2011	0	0	2
Dec 2011	0	0	1
Jan 2012	0	0	1
Feb 2012	0	0	17
Mar 2012	0	0	14
Apr 2012	0	0	10
May 2012	0	0	15
Jun 2012	0	0	26
Jul 2012	0	0	19
Aug 2012	0	0	10
Sep 2012	0	0	27
Oct 2012	0	0	36
Nov 2012	0	0	35
Dec 2012	0	0	42
Jan 2013	0	0	39
Feb 2013	0	1	75
Mar 2013	0	0	48
Apr 2013	0	0	68
May 2013	0	0	61
Jun 2013	0	0	31
Jul 2013	0	0	27
Aug 2013	0	0	40
Sep 2013	0	0	50
Oct 2013	0	0	55
Nov 2013	0	0	65
Dec 2013	0	0	75
Jan 2014	0	0	44
Feb 2014	0	0	38
Mar 2014	0	0	41
Apr 2014	0	0	71
May 2014	0	0	40
Jun 2014	0	0	57
Jul 2014	0	1	43
Aug 2014	0	1	52
Sep 2014	0	2	65
Oct 2014	0	1	77
Nov 2014	0	2	47
Dec 2014	0	1	40
Jan 2015	0	0	52
Feb 2015	0	0	75
Mar 2015	1	0	63
Apr 2015	0	0	68
May 2015	0	0	72
Jun 2015	0	0	51
Jul 2015	0	0	45
Aug 2015	0	0	49
Sep 2015	0	0	73
Oct 2015	0	0	57
Nov 2015	0	0	70
Dec 2015	0	0	81
Jan 2016	0	0	52
Feb 2016	0	0	67
Mar 2016	0	0	57
Apr 2016	0	0	52
May 2016	0	0	74
Jun 2016	0	0	42
Jul 2016	0	0	45
Aug 2016	0	0	91
Sep 2016	0	0	104
Oct 2016	0	0	106
Nov 2016	0	0	102
Dec 2016	0	0	93
Jan 2017	0	0	93
Feb 2017	0	0	28
Mar 2017	0	0	98
Apr 2017	0	0	41
May 2017	0	0	29
Jun 2017	0	0	22
Jul 2017	0	0	9
Aug 2017	0	0	17
Sep 2017	0	0	37
Oct 2017	0	0	35
Nov 2017	0	0	38
Dec 2017	0	0	27
Jan 2018	0	0	27
Feb 2018	0	0	9
Mar 2018	0	0	18
Apr 2018	0	0	36
May 2018	0	0	33
Jun 2018	0	0	24
Jul 2018	0	0	19
Aug 2018	0	0	16
Sep 2018	0	0	30
Oct 2018	0	0	17
Nov 2018	0	0	31
Dec 2018	0	0	24
Jan 2019	0	0	17
Feb 2019	0	0	20
Mar 2019	0	0	18
Apr 2019	0	0	25
May 2019	0	0	32
Jun 2019	0	0	24
Jul 2019	0	0	19
Aug 2019	0	0	11
Sep 2019	0	0	20
Oct 2019	0	0	28
Nov 2019	0	0	49
Dec 2019	0	0	22
Jan 2020	0	0	19
Feb 2020	0	0	54
Mar 2020	0	0	24
Apr 2020	0	0	16
May 2020	0	0	44
Jun 2020	0	0	46
Jul 2020	0	0	21
Aug 2020	0	0	21
Sep 2020	0	0	61
Oct 2020	0	0	43
Nov 2020	0	0	45
Dec 2020	0	0	23
Jan 2021	0	0	20
Feb 2021	0	0	52
Mar 2021	0	0	46
Apr 2021	0	0	64
May 2021	0	0	51
Jun 2021	0	0	35
Jul 2021	0	0	45
Aug 2021	0	0	41
Sep 2021	0	0	56
Oct 2021	0	0	102
Nov 2021	0	0	124
Dec 2021	0	0	73
Jan 2022	0	0	72
Feb 2022	0	0	47
Mar 2022	0	0	37
Apr 2022	0	0	71
May 2022	0	0	37
Jun 2022	0	0	51
Jul 2022	0	0	26
Aug 2022	0	0	37
Sep 2022	0	0	29
Oct 2022	0	0	59
Nov 2022	0	0	103
Dec 2022	0	0	29
Jan 2023	0	0	40
Feb 2023	0	0	38
Mar 2023	0	0	42
Apr 2023	0	0	46
May 2023	0	0	26
Jun 2023	0	0	34
Jul 2023	0	0	41
Aug 2023	0	0	28
Sep 2023	0	0	25
Oct 2023	0	0	35
Nov 2023	0	0	35
Dec 2023	0	0	23
Jan 2024	0	0	22
Feb 2024	0	0	21
Mar 2024	0	0	162
Total	1	9	6601

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