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Introduction
Romance novels are defined broadly as fiction focused on a central love story, which is concluded in an emotionally satisfying and optimistic manner. Romance is one of the most popular genres, accounting for the largest market share in fiction.1 In 2009, romantic fiction generated approximately $1.4 billion in the USA alone.1 The popularity of the romantic genre shows no sign of abating; indeed, the number of Americans who read at least one romance novel that year increased from 64.6 million in 2007 to 74.8 million in 2008.1 Almost one in four Americans read a romance novel in 2008.1
It has been well established that the attitudes and behaviours of consumers are affected by exposure to portrayals of sex and sexuality in the media.1–3 Much research has been conducted on visual media (i.e. television, film, music videos and magazines).1–3 However, despite their widespread readership, very little research has been done on depictions of sexual behaviours in romance novels. Seemingly innocuous and entertaining escapism, can romance novels potentially influence readers’ attitudes, beliefs and sexual health behaviour?
Negative impact of romantic fiction
Romantic literature can account for a large part of women's exposure to sexuality and relationships. Some avid fans can spend as much as a day a week reading it.4 It has been pointed out that, in contrast, women's exposure to formal sex and relationships education may be as little as a few hours in a lifetime.4
Contemporary romances have generally moved away from dated stereotypes to more realistic and modern relationships, which can feature challenges such as addiction, single parenting or domestic violence.4 However, romantic novels still typically end with the male and female protagonist in a joyful, effortless and deeply fulfilled relationship. Some argue in favour of this enjoyable fantasy, such as the popular writer Meg …
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