Enhancing shared decision-making in contraceptive consultations
===============================================================

* Jayne C Lucke

*   counselling
*   education and training
*   family planning service provision
*   general practice

Shared decision-making in discussions between doctors and patients is an important aspect of quality health care. In contraceptive consultations we may assume that there is an obvious shared goal: to ensure that the patient gains access to a safe and effective means to avoid unintended pregnancy. While there have been a number of studies showing what women want from a contraceptive consultation, less attention has been paid to providers' experiences.

The article by Kelly and colleagues1 in this journal issue examines the experiences of 15 doctors in Australia whose current practice focuses on contraception. The article shows that even experienced doctors may be influenced by their own personal preferences for contraceptive methods, struggle with the tension between providing complete information about all available options as opposed to being more directive, and find it uncomfortable to discuss sexual matters and relationships.

This article adds to international literature2 showing that patients and providers may approach a contraceptive consultation with different assumptions, different goals, and different expectations. Diverse goals between parties do not provide a helpful basis for shared decision-making, but in a hurried clinical consultation the difference in goals may not be realised or acknowledged, resulting in suboptimal outcomes for women, doctors, and the healthcare system.

We know that women often make decisions about contraception based on ‘lifestyle factors’.3 Contraceptive efficacy may be assumed and the motivation for choosing a method, or changing a previous method, may be related to non-contraceptive effects such as the impact of the method on sexual satisfaction, mood or menstrual bleeding patterns. We know that women want contraception that will enhance their wellbeing as well as meet their contraceptive needs, but health professionals often find it difficult to discuss personal issues relating to sex, pleasure and relationships.4

Patient-centred contraceptive consultations involve “…providing accurate, easy to understand information about contraception based on the patient's needs and goals, and assisting patients in selecting a contraceptive method, i.e. the best fit for their individual situation…” (ref.2, p. 56). A successful outcome depends on the ability of patients to be able to talk about what matters to them, and for clinicians to be able to provide appropriate information which is consistent with current guidelines, but also tailored to the patient's individual situation and preferences.

There are some obvious lines of enquiry we need to pursue. Further investigation is needed about the utility of decision aids and how to use them most effectively in clinical practice.5 Undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing education programmes also need to focus on preparing health professionals to conduct consultations that facilitate shared decision-making,1 and patients need access to summaries of medical evidence that provide them with the information they need to form an opinion about the available options.5

Implementing shared decision-making is not easy in any field, but in contraceptive consultations involving diverse agendas and the need to discuss potentially sensitive topics, it is particularly difficult. Supporting both patients and health professionals with tools and skills to make consultations more meaningful is a goal we can all agree on.

## Footnotes

*   Twitter Follow Jayne Lucke at [@jacaluc](http://twitter.com/jacaluc)

*   Competing interests None declared.

*   Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

## References

1.  Kelly M, Inoue K, Black KI, et al. Doctors’ experience of the contraceptive consultation: a qualitative study in Australia. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care Published Online First: 12 May 2016 [doi:10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101356](http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fprhc-2015-101356). [doi:10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101356](http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fprhc-2015-101356)
    
    

2.  Dehlendorf C, Fox E, Sobel L, et al. Patient-centered contraceptive counselling: evidence to inform practice. Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep 2016;5:55–63. [doi:10.1007/s13669-016-0139-1](http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13669-016-0139-1)
    
    

3.  Wigginton B, Harris ML, Loxton D, et al. A qualitative analysis for women's explanations for changing contraception: the importance of non-contraceptive effects. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care Published Online First: 25 Jan 2016 [doi:10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101184](http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101184). [doi:10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101184](http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101184)
    
    

4.  Hanbury A, Eastham R. Keep calm and contracept! Addressing young women's pleasure in sexual health and contraception consultations. Sex Educ 2016;16: 255–265. [doi:10.1080/14681811.2015.1093925](http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1093925)
    
    

5.  Agoritsas T, Heen AF, Brandt L, et al. Decision aids that really promote shared decision making: the pace quickens. BMJ 2015;350:g7624. [doi:10.1136/bmj.g7624](http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7624)
    
    [FREE Full Text](http://jfprhc.bmj.com/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MzoiYm1qIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjE4OiIzNTAvZmViMTBfMTQvZzc2MjQiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyOToiL2ZhbWlseXBsYW5uaW5nLzQzLzIvMTI2LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==)