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Estrogen promotes bone health, long-term replacement delaying osteoporosis,1 while sex steroids given for menstrual irregularity to premenopausal women increase bone mass.2 We therefore assessed the relation between reproductive health and fracture risk in postmenopausal women (≥50 years) in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).3
In the 2013–2014 survey, fracture risk as FRAX scores4 was reported in an osteoporosis questionnaire with calculation of the 10-year risk of major hip fracture. We collected data on the age at last menstrual period, last live birth, and first live birth as continuous variables, and documented history of pregnancy …
Footnotes
Contributors PS was involved in the literature search. SR and LS were involved in significant design inputs. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.