Table 2

Results of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate versus intrauterine device for primary and secondary outcomes

Outcome	Baseline			1-month follow-up			3-month follow-up
Outcome	DMPA	IUD	p	DMPA	IUD	p	DMPA	IUD	p
Depression	n=116	n=118		n=111	n=117		n=113	n=117
Categorical data
EPDS ≥9	62	55	0.36	27	21	0.27	20	17	0.63
EPDS ≥12	35	29	0.41	13	10	0.55	9	10	0.93
BDI-II ≥14	22	17	0.44	34	27	0.25	30	23	0.13
BDI-II ≥29	2	0	0.24	11	7	0.39	8	2	0.05
Continuous data [median (IQR)]
EPDS	9 (3.0–21.0)	8 (2.0–20.0)	0.20	4 (1.0–18.0)	2 (0–21.0)	0.04*	2 (0.5–19.0)	2 (0–19.0)	0.10
BDI-II	6 (2.5–12.5)	5 (2.0–11.5)	0.10	8 (4.5–19.5)	9 (4.5–14.5)	0.20	9 (4.5–14.5)	5 (2.0–11.5)	0.002*
Sexual activity	n=116	n=118		n=111	n=117		n=113	n=117
Resumption of sexual intercourse	NA	NA		14	30	0.02†	53 (111)	64 (115)	0.29
Menstruation				n=110	n=117		n=110	n=115
None	NA	NA		64	72	0.70	32	32	0.90
Light flow	NA	NA		26	23	0.50	30	19	0.07
Heavy flow	NA	NA		4	5	0.90	8	14	0.30
Dysmenorrhoea				n=56	n=59		n=84	n=91
Mild to severe pain	NA	NA		9	13	0.50	16	26	0.10
Infant feeding	n=115	n=116		n=101	n=109		n=113	n=116
Breastmilk only	90	87	0.60	60	67	0.80	47	50	0.90
Formula only	14	14	0.80	24	18	0.20	34	22	0.07
Both	11	15	0.50	17	24	0.40	32	44	1.90

*p<0.05 (Wilcoxon test).
†Yates corrected Chi-square (χ²) test.
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; DMPA, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; IQR, interquartile range; IUD, intrauterine device; NA, not applicable.