Haemoglobin status and duration of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in 24 sub-Saharan Africa countries, 2010–17
| Variables | Mean (±SD) haemoglobin (g/dl) | Prevalence of anaemia (%) | Odds of anaemia OR (95% CI) | |
| Crude | Adjusted* | |||
| Duration of implant use (n=4039) | ||||
| 0–11 months | 12.80 (±1.69) | 29.5 | 1 | 1 |
| 12–23 months | 12.87 (±1.69) | 26.8 | 0.90 (0.74–1.08) | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) |
| 24 or more months | 12.80 (±1.60) | 26.9 | 0.89 (0.75–1.04) | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) |
| Duration of pill use (n=4614) | ||||
| 0–11 months | 12.53 (±1.60) | 32.5 | 1 | 1 |
| 12–23 months | 12.62 (±1.62) | 31.9 | 0.79 (0.68–0.92)† | 0.77 (0.66–0.90)† |
| 24 or more months | 12.76 (±1.66) | 26.6 | 0.73 (0.64–0.83)† | 0.72 (0.62–0.83)† |
| Duration of injectables use (n=9955) | ||||
| 0–11 months | 12.76 (±1.57) | 27.2 | 1 | 1 |
| 12–23 months | 12.89 (±1.60) | 23.7 | 0.79 (0.71–0.88)† | 0.77 (0.68–0.88)† |
| 24 or more months | 13.06 (±1.63) | 21.5 | 0.77 (0.67–0.86)† | 0.74 (0.65–0.85)† |
| Duration of IUD use (n=856) | ||||
| 0–11 months | 12.70 (±1.57) | 35.6 | 1 | 1 |
| 12–23 months | 12.41 (±1.60) | 34.8 | 0.81 (0.49–1.32) | 0.68 (0.36–1.26) |
| 24 or more months | 12.60 (±1.84) | 32.4 | 0.95 (0.65–1.40) | 0.93 (0.57–1.51) |