Variable | Video consultation | Webchat | AI chatbot |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Demographic variables | |||
Gender | |||
Male | 1.11 (0.71 to 1.98) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.21) | 1.38 (0.91 to 2.01) |
Female | 1 | ||
Age (years) | |||
<25 | 1.77 (1.06 to 2.93)* | 2.43 (1.35 to 4.38)* | 1.01 (0.61 to 1.68) |
>25 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Education | |||
A/AS level or below | 0.79 (0.45 to 1.36) | 0.86 (0.46 to 1.62) | 1.40 (0.83 to 2.44) |
Degree or above | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Ethnicity | |||
White | 1.10 (0.49 to 2.47) | 2.87 (1.30 to 6.34)* | 1.33 (0.59 to 3.00) |
Non-white | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Employment | |||
Employed (full-time and part-time) | 1.38 (0.89 to 2.32) | 1.03 (0.57 to 1.85) | 1.68 (0.98 to 2.90) |
Unemployed or student | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Diagnosed with an STI in the past | |||
Yes | 2.05 (1.07 to 3.95)* | 1.18 (0.58 to 2.39) | 0.71 (0.38 to 1.33) |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Diagnosed with HIV | |||
Yes | 1.15 (0.35 to 3.63) | 0.75 (0.22 to 2.56) | 1.76 (0.55 to 5.23) |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Perceived having STI symptoms | |||
Yes | 1.68 (1.01 to 2.84)* | 0.97 (0.54 to 1.75) | 0.58 (0.34 to 0.97)* |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Distance from GUM clinic | |||
<30 min drive | 1.09 (0.54 to 2.17) | 0.66 (0.28 to 1.53) | 0.92 (0.46 to 1.82) |
>1 hour drive | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Utilisation of technology variables | |||
Smartphone ownership | |||
Yes | 16.0 (3.64 to 70.5)* | 6.46 (2.47 to 16.8)* | 4.58 (1.31 to 16.0)* |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Preferred medium for health promotion | |||
Mobile phone app | 1.95 (1.13 to 3.35)* | 1.49 (0.82 to 2.69) | 1.45 (0.86 to 2.45) |
Website | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Method of booking appointment | |||
Using online booking system | 1.44 (0.71 to 2.91) | 2.41 (0.96 to 6.04) | 1.79 (0.90 to 3.56) |
By phone or walk-in | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Acceptability/willingness variables | |||
To use video consultation (eg, Skype) | |||
Yes | 0 | 18.7 (8.52 to 41.0)* | 3.86 (2.17 to 6.84)* |
No | 0 | 1 | 1 |
To use live webchat with an advisor | |||
Yes | 18.7 (8.52 to 41.0)* | 0 | 3.74 (1.90 to 7.37)* |
No | 1 | 0 | 1 |
To use AI-enabled chatbot | |||
Yes | 3.86 (2.17 to 6.84)* | 3.74 (1.90 to 7.37)* | 0 |
No | 1 | 1 | 0 |
To have an app for sexual health | |||
Yes | 2.44 (1.45 to 4.11)* | 3.73 (2.05 to 6.79)* | 2.24 (1.30 to 3.79)* |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
To consent for consultation to be recorded | |||
Yes | 26.6 (6.09 to 11.6)* | 15.6 (7.83 to 31.1)* | 4.13 (2.23 to 7.65)* |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
To enter symptoms onto an online form | |||
Yes | 2.70 (1.35 to 5.40)* | 3.75 (1.81 to 7,74)* | 3.86 (1.63 to 9.17)* |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Confidence in the security of NHS digital health records | |||
Yes | 1.15 (0.68 to 1.94) | 1.24 (0.69 to 2.24) | 1.36 (0.80 to 2.29) |
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 denotes reference category for logistic regression. *p<0.05.
A/AS, level of education; AI, artificial intelligence; CI, confidence interval; GUM, genitourinary medicine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NHS, National Health Service; OR, odds ratio; STI, sexually transmitted infection.