Associations with intimate partner abuse among pregnant females in US emergency departments in 2016
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–25 | 3.37 | (1.83 to 6.22) | 4.30 | (2.18 to 8.47) |
| 26–35 | 2.57 | (1.40 to 4.73) | 3.35 | (1.69 to 6.62) |
| >35 | Reference | |||
| Income quartile by ZIP code | ||||
| 0–25th percentile | 1.74 | (1.14 to 2.64) | 1.40 | (0.90 to 2.19) |
| 26th–50th percentile | 1.56 | (1.03 to 2.37) | 1.38 | (0.91 to 2.10) |
| 51st–75th percentile | 1.44 | (0.89 to 2.32) | 1.33 | (0.82 to 2.17) |
| 76th–100th percentile | Reference | |||
| Payer | ||||
| Medicaid/Medicare | 1.88 | (1.41 to 2.51) | 1.76 | (1.30 to 2.38) |
| Self-pay/No charge/Other | 2.05 | (1.42 to 2.95) | 2.00 | (1.37 to 2.93) |
| Private insurance | Reference | |||
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Central city | 1.79 | (1.09 to 2.94) | 1.93 | (1.16 to 3.23) |
| Suburban | 1.16 | (0.69 to 1.94) | 1.34 | (0.78 to 2.30) |
| Medium/small city | 1.36 | (0.83 to 2.22) | 1.37 | (0.82 to 2.28) |
| Rural | Reference | |||
| Maternal mental health codes complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium | ||||
| Alcohol use | 8.34 | (2.58 to 26.91) | 9.14 | (2.82 to 29.66) |
| Drug use | 3.49 | (1.84 to 6.63) | 3.14 | (1.60 to 6.16) |
| Tobacco use | 1.90 | (1.37 to 2.62) | 1.85 | (1.34 to 2.54) |
| Other mental disorders | 2.64 | (1.57 to 4.46) | 2.79 | (1.61 to 4.82) |
Adjusted ORs adjusted for age, median household income, payer source and urbanicity. ORs and CIs in bold type are significant (p<0.05).
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.