Determinants of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among women of reproductive age (15–49 years)
| Level | Determinant | Risk factor | Protective effect | Not statistically significant | |||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
| Individual | Increased wealth | 1 study67 | 2 studies37 40 | 1 study34 | 2 studies17 51 | 3 studies18 29 54 | 1 study68 |
| Muslim | 3 studies27 28 30 | 6 studies19 31 36 40 58 61 | 3 studies41 54 62 | 3 studies51 63 68 | |||
| Parental factors | Maternal education (high) | 2 studies20 56 | 3 studies36 51 61 | 1 study54 | 1 study52 | ||
| Paternal education (high) | 2 studies20 56 | 1 study52 | 1 study54 | 1 study51 | |||
| Mother subjected to FGM/C | 1 study60 | 3 studies37 51 52 | |||||
| Mother's occupation (employed) | 1 study50 | ||||||
| Household | Other family members subjected to FGM/C | 1 study60 | 1 study51 | ||||
| Community | FGM/C is required by religion | 1 study61 | |||||
| Urban region | 1 study18 | 2 studies19 40 | 5 studies20 33 49 54 56 | 3 studies36 51 61 | 2 studies41 42 | 1 study37 | |
Studies19–21 have overlapping age groups.