Table 2

Determinants of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among girls and infants

Level	Determinant	Risk factor		Protective effect		Not statistically significant
Level	Determinant	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted
Parental factors	Mother’s increased age	1 study45	3 studies17 35 38		1 study66	3 studies39 59 64	1 study55
	Increased wealth			1 study59	1 study17	3 studies18 39 64	3 studies22 38 66
	Muslim	3 studies18 57 59	3 studies22 35 39			1 study46	2 studies23 66
	Maternal education (high)	1 study66		6 studies17 23 25 45 59 69	8 studies22 24 26 35 38 44 55 57	2 studies39 64
	Paternal education (high)			4 studies23 25 45 69	2 studies44 55	2 studies46 64	2 studies22 24
	Mother subjected to FGM/C	1 study59	2 studies17 35	1 study66			1 study39
	Mother’s occupation (employed)		1 study57			3 studies25 59 64	4 studies23 38 39 44
	Father’s occupation (employed)			1 study25		1 study64	2 studies23 44
	Mother’s marital status (currently married)	1 study69*				1 study39	2 studies38 55
	Mother’s knowledge on FGM/C (high)			1 study25	1 study38		2 studies55 65
	Mother’s support of FGM/C continuation	3 studies17 38 39					1 study66
Household	Other family members subjected to FGM/C		1 study44
Community	FGM/C is required by religion	2 studies22 25				1 study39
Community	Urban region			1 study59	4 studies23 38 55 58	2 studies39 46	2 studies22 44