Table 3

Results of included studies

Results	Study
	1*	2	3
	Martin et al 38	Sarkola et al 40	Terplan et al 41
Outcome types	Health: maternal	Social	Health: maternal
Outcomes1	Mean duration in prenatal AOD treatment duration (crude): UIP: 16.3 weeks vs IP: 21.3 weeks (p=0.01)*	Cumulative placement into out-of-home care at less than 2 years of age UIP: 42.5% vs IP: 24.1% (no p-value provided)† Crude OR 1.76 (1.25–2.48, p=0.01)	Continued drinking during pregnancy (during the last 3 months of pregnancy) aOR‡ 1.15 (0.99–1.33)
Outcomes2	Treatment continuation before delivery of a live infant UIP: 72% vs IP: 82% (p=0.28) Cox proportional hazard ratio (adjusted) 0.73, p=0.21	Cumulative placement into out-of-home care for more than half their life UIP: 23% vs IP: 11.2% (no p-value provided)‡ Crude OR 2.06 (1.19–3.45, p=0.021)	Binge drinking during pregnancy (during the last 3 months of pregnancy) aOR‡ 1.40 (1.07–1.83)
Summary
Association between outcome and UIP	In pregnant women in opioid treatment programmes, UIPs are associated with: A 5-week reduction in the duration spent in opioid treatment programmes^† No difference in the likelihood of staying in opioid treatment programmes until birth	In pregnant women with AOD use, UIPs are associated with: 1.76 the odds of the child being placed into out-of-home care by the age of 2 years† Twice the odds of the child being placed into out-of-home care for more than half their life†	In women who drank alcohol in the 3 months prior to pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy, compared with intended and mistimed pregnancies, is associated with: 1.4 the odds of binge drinking, in the final 3 months of pregnancy No difference in continued drinking in the final 3 months of pregnancy

*Demographic data obtained from primary study (this study is a secondary analysis).39
†Adjustment for confounders not provided.
‡Unwanted vs intended/mistimed pregnancies
AOD, alcohol or drugs; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; IP, intended pregnancy; OR, odds ratio; UIP, unintended pregnancy.