Elsevier

Contraception

Volume 34, Issue 5, November 1986, Pages 483-495
Contraception

Severe pain at interval IUD insertion: A case-control analysis of patient risk factors

https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-7824(86)90057-0Get rights and content

Abstract

This investigation, using a case-control analysis approach on an IUD data set from a less-developed country center, delineated four risk factors in patient characteristics that are associated with severe pain at interval IUD insertion. They are: higher education (≥ seven years), low-parity (1–2 live births), longer open interval (≥ 13 months) between the end of the last pregnancy and insertion, and non-breast feeding at the time of insertion. Adjusted relative risks estimated by odds ratios are 2.1, 2.7, 2.7 and 5.0, respectively. For women with a combination of the above risk factors, they have a further increased (additive in nature) risk of suffering severe insertion pain. Similar analysis was also performed on a developed country center data set for which only the effect of education and parity could be studied; an odds ratio of 5.0 for nulliparity was obtained. The plausibility of these findings as well as their clinical and programmatic implications are discussed.

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