Knowledge of emergency contraception is crucial but might not transform into use. Factors influencing decision-making related to use of emergency contraception after an unprotected intercourse and the characteristics of users of emergency contraception (EC) were assessed. In an abortion clinic setting, 217 women referred for termination of pregnancy were asked to fill in a questionnaire. Of the 217 women, 139 (64%) were aware of pregnancy risk but only 9 (4%) had used EC after the unprotected intercourse. 42% were estimated to have sufficient knowledge to use hormonal emergency contraception. In a larger background population, a calculated 29% used EC after a recognized unprotected intercourse. EC users were older, better educated, more often in stable relationships, had experienced more abortions, and gestation age was less. However, younger women were in general better informed of EC. Knowledge of EC does not necessarily transform into action. Neglect of risk after an unprotected intercourse is frequent in younger well-informed women and information has to be better targeted.